DUALEM Products

DUALEM instruments (e.g. the DUALEM-1) incorporate a DUALEM sensor as well as an internal WAAS-enabled GPS receiver, a hand-held weatherproof display/keypad/power-supply, a carrying harness and stabilizing feet.

DUALEM sensors (e.g. the DUALEM-1S) incorporate one-, two- or three-sets of the patented DUALEM dual-geometry array.  Each dual-geometry array simultaneously measures conductivity and susceptibility to two distinct and easily quantified depths.  Multiple measurements enable the estimation of the conductivity, susceptibility and thickness in a layered earth.  The sensors internally record electromagnetic responses, positioning coordinates and values for time, pitch, roll, voltage and temperature from internal monitors.

DUALEM instruments operate by electromagnetic induction, so no contact with the ground is needed.  This enables surveying at moderate speed over rough, dry or non-conductive terrain.  Terrain that has been surveyed using DUALEM instruments includes deserts, forests, volcanic flows, and multi-year ice.

DUALEM instruments are calibrated precisely and permanently at the factory using a patented technique, eliminating problematic ad hoc calibrations in the field. Precise calibration, base-level stability, high sensitivity and advanced digital signal processing give the instruments unmatched accuracy.

DUALEM instruments are complete systems for positioned  surveys in terrain and weather that may be challenging. The harness allows them to be carried close to the ground at walking speed, and the stabilizing feet are convenient for station-by-station measurements. They are often mounted on a sled or cart, and can be deployed underwater in watertight housing.

DUALEM sensors can be used with the user’s own control and positioning systems. LED lights on the sensors indicate the status of power and serial communication. The sensors receive text commands through their serial port, and provide text output in either NMEA0183-standard or 4-line by 20-character format. As NMEA0183 is the standard for GPS communication, a variety of GPS loggers and software can record DUALEM measurements and integrate them with GPS positions.

All DUALEM products can be shipped by popular parcel-express services. Please direct inquiries to Dualem Inc., by phone +1 (905) 876-0201, fax +1 (905) 876-2753, or the e-mail address on the home page.

DUALEM-1 and DUALEM-1S

The DUALEM-1 has 1-m separation between its transmitter and dual receivers, so its dual depths of conductivity measurement are 0.5 m and 1.5 m (by the 70-% cumulative-sensitivity guideline).  In-phase measurements sound magnetic susceptibility and detect metal.

The DUALEM-1 depths of measurement are ideal for many agricultural applications, and spatial resolution that is well suited to archaeological investigation.  For metal detection, the DUALEM-1 can detect a steel drum to a depth of about 1 m.

The compact size of the DUALEM-1 makes it ideal for towing on a sled or carrying from station-to-station for on-ground measurements.  The previous picture shows a DUALEM-1 being towed in a small wooden sled by an all-terrain-vehicle.  The field is underlain by drain tile, and apparent conductivity provided an assessment of moisture level.

The DUALEM-1S is the sensor of the DUALEM-1, and it is available separately at lower price for integration with the user’s own surveying systems.

DUALEM-2 and DUALEM-2S

The DUALEM-2 has 2-m separation between its transmitter and dual receivers, so its dual depths of conductivity measurement are 1 m and 3 m (by the 70-% cumulative-sensitivity guideline).  In-phase measurements sound magnetic susceptibility and detect metal.

The DUALEM-2 depths of measurements are well suited to a variety of applications in agriculture and surficial mapping.  For metal detection, the DUALEM-2 can detect a steel drum a depth of about 2 m.

The double shoulder-harness, smooth tubular design and moderate weight make the DUALEM-2 practical for prolonged surveys by a single operator.  The previous picture shows a survey of the conductivity and magnetic susceptibility desert pavements.  The DUALEM-2 is also convenient to pull on a sled at the ground surface to maximize sensitivity and spatial resolution.

The DUALEM-2S is the sensor of the DUALEM-2, and it is available separately at lower price for integration with the user’s own surveying systems.

DUALEM-21 and DUALEM-21S

The DUALEM-21 has dual-geometry receivers at separations of 1- and 2-m from the transmitter, which provide four simultaneous depths of conductivity sounding, four simultaneous depths of susceptibility sounding, and detection of metal.

The several sounding-depths of the DUALEM-21 enable the analysis of layering in the top few metres of the earth.

The DUALEM-21 can be carried on prolonged surveys by a single operator, and is suitable for towing on a sled or low cart.

The DUALEM-21S is the sensor of the DUALEM-21, and it is available separately at lower price for integration with the user’s own surveying systems.  The previous picture shows a DUALEM-21S in its hinged metal shipping case.

DUALEM-4 and DUALEM-4S

The DUALEM-4 has 4-m separation between its transmitter and dual receivers, so its dual depths of conductivity measurement are 2 m and 6 m (by the 70-% cumulative-sensitivity standard).

The DUALEM-4 depths of measurements are well suited to a variety of applications in agriculture, geotechnics and hydrology.  For metal detection, the DUALEM-4 can detect a steel drum to a depth of about 3 m.

The double shoulder-harness and smooth tubular design make the DUALEM-4 practical for surveys by a single operator.  Some users pull the DUALEM-4 on a cart behind a motor vehicle.

The DUALEM-4S is the sensor of the DUALEM-4, and it is available separately at lower price for integration with the user’s own surveying systems.

DUALEM-42 and DUALEM-42S

The DUALEM-42 has dual-geometry receivers at separations of 2- and 4-m from the transmitter, which provide four simultaneous depths of conductivity sounding, four simultaneous depths of susceptibility sounding, and detection of metal.

The several sounding-depths of the DUALEM-42 enable the analysis of layering in the top several metres of the earth.  The DUALEM-42 is suitable for towing on a sled or cart, or for carrying at hip height.  The DUALEM-42 disassembles to form a DUALEM-2, for more convenient surveys of shallower targets.

The DUALEM-42S is the sensor of the DUALEM-42, and it is available separately at lower price for integration with the user’s own surveying systems.  The DUALEM-42S disassembles to form a DUALEM-2S.

DUALEM-421S

The DUALEM-421S has dual-geometry receivers at separations of 1-, 2- and 4-m from the transmitter, which provide six simultaneous depths of conductivity sounding, six simultaneous depths of susceptibility sounding, and detection of metal.

The variety of sounding depths makes the DUALEM-421S ideal for the analysis of the thickness, conductivity and susceptibility of layering in the top several metres of the earth.    Towing on a sled optimizes spatial and geophysical resolution, but a low cart is also a suitable platform for surveying.  The DUALEM-421S disassembles to form a DUALEM-21S.